Flood+Prevention+in+Holland

=General Idea:= Netherland is a country that two thirds of its area is vulnerable to flood, and has one of the most densely populated on Earth. It was found that 2000 years ago, before man started changing the Geography of the country, most of the land was covered by extensive peat swamps. The only area that is proper for human development is in the east, south, on the dunes and along the coast and the rivers. The first dike that it was built in the area, was only a meter in height and the only purpose was to protect the surrounding fields to protect the crops against occasional floods. The first major construction was built by the Romans, the responsible was Nero Claudius Drusus which built a dam in the Rhine river to divert water from the river to another place. The interesting characteristic of flood is that some of them would be done in purpose. It was believed that by flooding a certain area would create a defensive line, that during case of an enemy the area would be too shallow for the boats to advance and consequently make advancing by foot difficult. The high quality dams were starting to be created during the twentieth century, where technology development was rising. The two majors works is the Zuiderzee Works and the Delta Work. Zuiderzee is a man-made system of dams, land reclamation and water drainage works. It was built during 1932 and it only took a year to be concluded. The second is the Delta Works which the main purpose was to dam all the river mouths and the sea beginning by shortening the coast. The fact that this requires a lot of time, the project was delayed due to the fact World War two began, the project was only able to start during 1950. The project was able to finish during 1997 with only closing one time, in 2007.

=Professional Perspective:= ====Freeman John Dyson was born on December 15, 1923. He has six children, two with the first wife and four with the second called Imme Dyson, she is a masters runner who got married with the scientist in 1958.==== ====During his career Dyson worked in many places, such as: being a scholar at Winchester College from 1936 to 1941, obtained a BA in mathematics from the University of Cambridge in 1945, in 1958 he led the design team for TRIGA (safe nuclear reactor used in hospitals) and many others. Through his life, he received seven Honors and Awards, starting from 1952 until 2003. Regarding global warming, Dyson agrees that it exist and that believes that one of the cause is the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere resulting from the burning of fossil fuels. He has a very interesting view, he believes that global warming is a fear faced by everyone in the entire world, that because of this fear many people tend to take actions that will be a loss of money. That being said, getting into a conclusion is that Dyson believes even though global warming exist, all the problems that are being mentioned now should be taken only half or even less than that, which will lead into reality. With this big amount of money being spent in a fear (which he believes is not a big problem) some real, and big issues are being forgotten.==== =[|Freeman Dyson]= =Video:= = = =Flood History in Netherlands= media type="youtube" key="videoseries?index=1" height="328" width="328" align="center"

Floating Houses
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= = = = = = =**Flood Prevention in Holland Current Event**=

The Netherlands is a country that it lays below the sea-level, with a need to develop a high technology to protect itself from weather events. In Rotterdam, it was developed a storm surge barrier which the gates are the length, and twice the weight of the Eifel Tower. It was completed in 1997 at a cost of 450 million euros, it is supposed to close every ten year and the frequency doubling by 2050. The city is also trying to make itself a weather proof, meaning that it would be able to handle everything that the climate bring to them (flood, temperature rise, tsunami and others). Currently developing a 50-hectare floating house with an environmental friendly boat. Those ideas are good to the world, to show that everyone is able to do everything as long as the investments are high, Holland with all those environmental projects could be seen as the city of the future. Being able to face all the weather events that is expected to be more frequent with the world increasing their carbon dioxide emission.
 * [|Rising sea levels: A tale of two cities]**
 * Key Terms:**
 * Daniel Brackman**-Is well-versed in a variety of real estate law areas, including mechanic’s liens, landlord-tenant law, condemnation and easements.[|Daniel Brackman]


 * Dunes-** A mound or ridge of drifted sand, occurring on the sea coast and in deserts


 * Superlevees-** Is an expression to mean the barrier that are created to control the flood.


 * Dam-**A artificial barrier in an estuary, lake or river.


 * Sluice-**Often such a sluice gate had a loose flap which let water through at low tide but shut at high tide.


 * Polder-**This is an area which lays below sea-level and which is defended from flooding.


 * Dike**-A dike, in Dutch usage, is an embankment or wall built to keep water from flooding land.


 * Eernest Grote Watersnoodramp**-Occured in December 26, 838. all of Frisia was flooded and 2437 lives were lost. This Frisia was then almost all of the low lying areas (nearly 50% of the Netherlands).


 * Delta Works-**The Delta Works consist of a series of dams and storm surge barriers. The Delta Works were constructed between 1950 and 1997.


 * Zuiderzee Works-**Are a man-made system of dams, land reclamation and water drainage works. It was built in 1932-1933.


 * Kinderdijk-**The earliest Dutch polders date from the middle ages. These polders were drained by sluices that opened at low tide to let out water.


 * Steam-**Is the technical term for water vapor, the gaseous phase of water, which is formed when water boils.


 * Pump-**A device used to move fluids.


 * Archimede´s screw-** A historically used machine to transferring water from a low-lying body of water into irrigation ditches.


 * Tide-**Are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces.

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